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Solar Hurricane Hits Earth's Magnetic Field
By Patricia Reaney and Eric Auchard
LONDON/NEW YORK (Reuters) - A shockwave from the Sun hit the Earth on Wednesday, the final burst from a solar hurricane that has hampered some space satellite transmissions and led electric grid operators to curb power transmissions as a precaution.
Scientists said the cloud of charged particles unleashed at high speeds by a hyperactive Sun and known as a coronal mass ejection (CME) was traveling at more than 5 million mph, taking just 19 hours from the Sun.
Power plants from Sweden to New Jersey cut production to limit how much electricity was flowing over transmission grids, preparing to absorb any sudden surge in energy that might result in coming days from lingering effects of the storm.
"It arrived at six this morning (1 a.m. EST) and was going much faster than people thought," Dr Mike Hapgood, a space expert at the Appleton Laboratory in England said.
"There were some problems starting yesterday because of the effects that precede the arrival of this shock wave from the sun," Hapgood added.
"We expect this storm to continue through the day and tomorrow," said Larry Combs, a space weather forecaster at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado.
The center, which acts as the official U.S. space weather watching agency advising power utility, airlines and communications network operators of potential threats from space, issued its first warning of the storm a week ago.
Just hours after the earlier ejection, the sun sent another cloud of charged particles speeding straight toward Earth, according to John Kohl of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
Kohl, a senior astrophysicist, works with the SOHO satellite and said the latest coronal mass ejection left the sun around 4 p.m. EST Wednesday. "It's pretty much coming right at us," Kohl said in a telephone interview.
This latest CME is not quite as big as the one that arrived at Earth earlier in the day, but Kohl said, "This doesn't mean that the radiation will be less."
SPACE HURRICANE IN THREE WAVES
The gaseous cloud that dumps energy into the magnetic field that surrounds the Earth, creating a geomagnetic storm, was the final wave in a three-stage solar storm that first began peppering the Earth with X-rays at around 6:10 a.m. EST on Tuesday.
These X-rays, which were traveling at the speed of light, forced air traffic controllers to scramble to find alternative communications channels and affected satellite transmissions of images back to Earth, weather experts said.
Combs said that this was likely nothing more than normal operating procedure for most aircraft, except those flying over the polar ice cap.
In the second wave, a pulse of solar radiation hit the Earth. Image transmissions back from the SOHO satellite, which first detected the solar blast, degenerated into salt-and-pepper images for a time on Tuesday, forcing its operators to put the spacecraft into rest mode, NOAA said.
While experts said the impact will be mostly felt in polar regions -- Hapgood and other scientists suspect the CME produced an amazing aurora, or light show, over Alaska and the Far East, as well as some radio communication problems.
A Japanese communications satellite stopped its operations temporarily due to the impact of strong solar flares which occurred earlier this week, Japan's space agency said on Thursday. An official at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) said the Kodama satellite has suspended its functions, which it is programmed to do following such solar bursts.
CMEs come around every few years but the one that arrived on Wednesday may rank as one of the strongest.
The X-ray and solar radiation storms rank as the second largest such events recorded in the latest 11-year cycle, according to NOAA data. Records of solar cycles date from 1755. This is the tail end of the 23rd cycle, Combs said.
The geomagnetic particle storm that hit earlier on Wednesday measured G5, or extreme, making it one of the three or four strongest such storms in the latest 11-year cycle, he said. How long the storm remains in Earth's atmosphere will determine whether it ranks as one of the biggest storms ever.
By Patricia Reaney and Eric Auchard
LONDON/NEW YORK (Reuters) - A shockwave from the Sun hit the Earth on Wednesday, the final burst from a solar hurricane that has hampered some space satellite transmissions and led electric grid operators to curb power transmissions as a precaution.
Scientists said the cloud of charged particles unleashed at high speeds by a hyperactive Sun and known as a coronal mass ejection (CME) was traveling at more than 5 million mph, taking just 19 hours from the Sun.
Power plants from Sweden to New Jersey cut production to limit how much electricity was flowing over transmission grids, preparing to absorb any sudden surge in energy that might result in coming days from lingering effects of the storm.
"It arrived at six this morning (1 a.m. EST) and was going much faster than people thought," Dr Mike Hapgood, a space expert at the Appleton Laboratory in England said.
"There were some problems starting yesterday because of the effects that precede the arrival of this shock wave from the sun," Hapgood added.
"We expect this storm to continue through the day and tomorrow," said Larry Combs, a space weather forecaster at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado.
The center, which acts as the official U.S. space weather watching agency advising power utility, airlines and communications network operators of potential threats from space, issued its first warning of the storm a week ago.
Just hours after the earlier ejection, the sun sent another cloud of charged particles speeding straight toward Earth, according to John Kohl of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
Kohl, a senior astrophysicist, works with the SOHO satellite and said the latest coronal mass ejection left the sun around 4 p.m. EST Wednesday. "It's pretty much coming right at us," Kohl said in a telephone interview.
This latest CME is not quite as big as the one that arrived at Earth earlier in the day, but Kohl said, "This doesn't mean that the radiation will be less."
SPACE HURRICANE IN THREE WAVES
The gaseous cloud that dumps energy into the magnetic field that surrounds the Earth, creating a geomagnetic storm, was the final wave in a three-stage solar storm that first began peppering the Earth with X-rays at around 6:10 a.m. EST on Tuesday.
These X-rays, which were traveling at the speed of light, forced air traffic controllers to scramble to find alternative communications channels and affected satellite transmissions of images back to Earth, weather experts said.
Combs said that this was likely nothing more than normal operating procedure for most aircraft, except those flying over the polar ice cap.
In the second wave, a pulse of solar radiation hit the Earth. Image transmissions back from the SOHO satellite, which first detected the solar blast, degenerated into salt-and-pepper images for a time on Tuesday, forcing its operators to put the spacecraft into rest mode, NOAA said.
While experts said the impact will be mostly felt in polar regions -- Hapgood and other scientists suspect the CME produced an amazing aurora, or light show, over Alaska and the Far East, as well as some radio communication problems.
A Japanese communications satellite stopped its operations temporarily due to the impact of strong solar flares which occurred earlier this week, Japan's space agency said on Thursday. An official at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) said the Kodama satellite has suspended its functions, which it is programmed to do following such solar bursts.
CMEs come around every few years but the one that arrived on Wednesday may rank as one of the strongest.
The X-ray and solar radiation storms rank as the second largest such events recorded in the latest 11-year cycle, according to NOAA data. Records of solar cycles date from 1755. This is the tail end of the 23rd cycle, Combs said.
The geomagnetic particle storm that hit earlier on Wednesday measured G5, or extreme, making it one of the three or four strongest such storms in the latest 11-year cycle, he said. How long the storm remains in Earth's atmosphere will determine whether it ranks as one of the biggest storms ever.
